Polish Landscape Masters

Józef Chełmoński's musical talent deeply influenced his painting style. His colleague Leon Wyczółkowski described his color harmonies as a "song," emphasizing the musicality of his work.

Stanisław Witkiewicz, a key figure in Warsaw's art scene, championed realism. His health led him to Zakopane in 1890, where he found inspiration in the Tatra Mountains and local culture.

Witkiewicz's mature Tatra landscapes present a coherent style, emphasizing the beauty of the mountains. Dramatic scenes in the moonlight emphasize movement and the specific mood of windy weather. "Halny" is foehn - a wind typical of the Podhale region.

Adam Chmielowski's paintings, imbued with deep spirituality, used harmonious colors to create a mysterious, evocative mood. These *Stimmungsbild* works reflect his future path as a saint and advocate for the poor.

The Gierymski brothers often depicted sunset scenes in their genre paintings, including the Jewish Feast of Trumpets and views of Warsaw's Vistula River and Gypsy camps.

In his later works, Aleksander Gierymski returned to atmospheric painting, mastering color harmony. He was fascinated by subtle light and color, using a wide range of half-tones to depict fog and reflections.

In 1889, Józef Pankiewicz traveled to Paris, immersing himself in Impressionism. Returning to Poland in 1890, he incorporated his Parisian experiences into his art.

Podkowiński's style simplifies forms and omits detail, creating a synthetic, abstract effect that foreshadows his later symbolic works.