Comics
Whether we call them comic or graphic narratives, we are referring to one of the most overlooked forms of art by critics, both academic and otherwise, working in the field of visual culture.
Despite being considered a marginalised object of study, comics today play an important role within the contemporary artistic landscape, as well as in the complex system of sociocultural communication (Mandolini, Álvares & Lopes, 2023).
Transfeminism
Comics serve at present as a crucial intersectional space between popular culture and the theoretical reflections continuing to emerge within the transfeminist domain.
That is, in those circuits of activism and thought where the denunciation of sexist discrimination embraces marginalised subjectivities, not only as women but also as people who resist traditional gender categorisation.
Within the Lusophone cultural sphere, this intersectional space is particularly evident in the case of Brazilian comics, which in recent years have extensively explored the representation of issues related to transfeminism and its practices.
The collection by the Virtual Museum of Lusophony is dedicated to them, including works by women and trans creators, published online or in print.
Juízo (21th Century) by Nicoletta MandoliniVirtual Museum of Lusophony
"Juízo" by Amanda Miranda (2023)
A comic that combines one of the most significant themes pertaining to feminism, voluntary termination of pregnancy, with the aesthetics of horror (Carroll, 1987).
In doing so, it manages to address, without prejudice, the fear of becoming pregnant in a country where reproductive rights are not guaranteed.
Cartas para ninguém (21th Century) by Nicoletta MandoliniVirtual Museum of Lusophony
"Cartas para ninguém" by Diana Salu (2019)
An epistolary work that turns into an autobiography combining comic and poetic prose. This does not tell a story but rather describes transition as a common and essential existential state in the dance of our construction, deconstruction and or reconstruction of identity.
We all transition “to become”, so what justification can there be for transphobia?
Piracema (21th Century) by Nicoletta MandoliniVirtual Museum of Lusophony
"Piracema" by Jéssica Groke (2019)
Piracema is a graphic narrative about a short yet intensely symbolic journey towards the discovery of pleasure and sexual connection with another.
It is no coincidence that the protagonist is a young woman with no clear references to the mechanisms of female sexuality, which is always portrayed as an obscure and foreign object until the end of the story.
Não binária, apenas (21th Century) by Nicoletta MandoliniVirtual Museum of Lusophony
"Não binária, apenas" by LittleGoat (2023)
A person with four eyes and goat horns is the graphic self that LittleGoat uses to depict their personal journey of deconstructing the gender binary that once confused them, until they discovered that it is not necessary to fit into either the feminine or the masculine to live.
E a boca de luxo entra em campo (21th Century) by Nicoletta MandoliniVirtual Museum of Lusophony
"E a Boca do Luxo Entra em Campo"
A fictional graphic novel written collaboratively, that tells the story of two women, both sex workers, who enjoy playing football in a São Paulo neighbourhood.
By Lalo Sousa, Lu Castro (2023)
This is not merely a book where football serves as a moment of exclusively feminine leisure, but also a work where cisgender men are marginal figures, to the extent that it even passes the Bechdel Test (See more in Merriam-Webster, 2024).
Boi Dodói (21th Century) by Nicoletta MandoliniVirtual Museum of Lusophony
"Boy Dodói" by Bebel Abreu, Carol Ito, Helô D’Angelo (2023)
Boy Dodói is a brief collection of graphic stories that seeks (and succeeds) in creating a space for both denunciation and humour about the world of dating.
Based on stories shared by women and non-binary people who responded to a call on social media, the book illustrates the various forms of violence and mistreatment that cis-hetero men perpetuate in intimate relationships.
Filosofia do Mamilo (21th Century) by Nicoletta MandoliniVirtual Museum of Lusophony
"Filosofia do mamilo" by Kael Vitorelo (2024)
To address the violence that the state system imposes on people who do not fit within the gender binary, Kael Vitorelo chose a hybrid between graphic memoir and graphic essay.
This is how Filosofia do Mamilo tells the story of the author’s nonconformity while simultaneously reflecting on mastectomy and other elective body modifications as spaces for experimentation and innovation.
Nos olhos de quem vê (21th Century) by Nicoletta MandoliniVirtual Museum of Lusophony
"Nos olhos de quem vê" by Helô D´Angelo (2022)
Being a woman in a patriarchal society is no easy task, and one of the greatest and most common challenges is the internalisation of the symbolic dogmas associated with the female body.
Helô D’Angelo addresses this topic from her own experience as a woman, describing, through the technique of cartooning, the processes of self-depreciation in which many women engage and the strategies she has found to reconcile herself with her own body.
Liberdade negada (21th Century) by Nicoletta MandoliniVirtual Museum of Lusophony
"Liberdade Negada" by Gabriela Güllick, Ndudzo Siba (2023)
In this webcomic available on the Agência Pública website, the authors use the tools of graphic journalism to narrate the challenges faced by individuals living at the complex intersection of disadvantages created by being women, migrants, and survivors of incarceration.
Mundo meio roxo (21th Century) by Nicoletta MandoliniVirtual Museum of Lusophony
"Mundo Meio Roxo. Diário de Sun" by Lara Clarice (2020)
Initially published as a series of digital strips, Mundo Meio Roxo is a choral story that invites the reader to dive into a fantastic world where diversity is the norm, embodied by the protagonist, a cheerful travesti child.
Pequenas felicidades trans (21th Century) by Nicoletta MandoliniVirtual Museum of Lusophony
"Pequenas felicidades trans" by Alice Pereira (2019)
This autobiographical work, initially shared on social media and later published in book format, recounts the author’s story with the aim of describing the psychological and social challenges involved in the process of gender transition.
References of Comics:
"Juízo" (Independent Publication, 2023).
"Cartas para ninguém" (Padé, 2019).
"Piracema" (Mino Books, 2019).
"Não binária apenas" (Independent Publication, 2024).
"E a boca de luxo entra em campo" (Impressul, 2023).
"Boi Dodói" (Bebel Books, 2023).
"Filosofia do Mamilo" (Veneta, 2024).
"Nos olhos de quem vê" (Harper Collins Brazil, 2022).
"Liberdade negada" (Public Agency, 2023).
"Diário de Sun" (Independent Publication, 2020)
"Pequenas felicidades trans" (Independent Publication, 2019).
Others References:
Carroll, N. (1987). The Nature of Horror. The Journal of Aesthetics and Arts Criticism 41.1: 51-59.
Mandolini, N., Álvares, C., Lopez, M. (2023). Redefinindo o Género nas Narrativas Gráficas Ibero-Americanas. Revista Lusófona de Estudos Culturais. https://doi.org/10.21814/rlec.5397
Merriam-Webster (2024). https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/Bechdel%20Test
About Nicoletta Mandolini
https://www.cecs.uminho.pt/en/investigador/nicoletta-mandolini/